English / French · European moral psychology

conscience

Heard as KON-shence

Period
medieval to modern
Semantic range
In English, increasingly the moral word. In French, conscience still does moral and psychological work.
What it can mean
Moral witness, guilt, integrity, the inner court.
What it should not be equated with
Not simply the old word for consciousness. The English split is a history, not a discovery that they were always two things.
Primary or early source
English moral and religious prose; French philosophical usage.
Scholarly source
SEP seventeenth-century consciousness; Thiel.
Relation to other terms
After the split, the sibling of consciousness, not its inferior copy.